ATI-P ATI Pharmacology - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: "I will use this inhaler for sudden attacks."

A long-acting beta-adrenergic agonist is for long-term control and does not work fast enough to stop an acute asthma attack. Planning to use it as a rescue inhaler reflects a misunderstanding that requires further teaching from the nurse. Option a is incorrect because using salmeterol on a regular schedule is correct, since it provides long-term control rather than quick relief of symptoms. This statement shows appropriate understanding of the medication and does not require any further teaching from the nurse. Option b is incorrect because continuing the prescribed inhaled steroid is correct because long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists must be paired with an inhaled glucocorticoid. This statement reflects proper understanding of the asthma regimen and does not indicate a need for more teaching. Option c is incorrect because reporting worsening symptoms is appropriate and reflects safe self-monitoring by the client. This statement indicates that the client understands the teaching abou

Correct Answer: Respiratory depression

Codeine is an opioid that can depress the central nervous system and slow respirations. The nurse should monitor the client for respiratory depression and be prepared to intervene if the client's breathing becomes dangerously slow while taking the drug. Option b is incorrect because opioids slow breathing rather than speed it, so an increased respiratory rate is not an expected effect. The concern with codeine is depressed, slowed respirations, which is the opposite of the finding described in this option. Option c is incorrect because opioids reduce gastrointestinal motility and commonly cause constipation rather than diarrhea. Diarrhea is therefore not a typical adverse effect of codeine, so it is not the finding the nurse should monitor for in this client. Option d is incorrect because codeine is not associated with excessive urination. The key adverse effects the nurse should monitor for are respiratory depression, sedation, and constipation, rather than any change in the clie

Correct Answer: Drink a full glass of water per dose.

Guaifenesin is an expectorant that thins secretions, and adequate fluids enhance this effect. Drinking a full glass of water with each dose and increasing fluids helps loosen mucus so the client can cough it up more easily. Option a is incorrect because limiting fluids works against guaifenesin, which relies on hydration to thin the secretions. Restricting water would reduce the drug's effectiveness, so this instruction is incorrect for a client taking an expectorant for chest congestion. Option b is incorrect because guaifenesin promotes a productive cough to clear mucus rather than suppressing the cough reflex. Describing it as a cough suppressant misstates how this expectorant actually works, so this instruction would mislead the client about the medication. Option d is incorrect because guaifenesin is often combined safely with other ingredients in cold preparations. A blanket warning to avoid all cough products is unnecessary and is not the focus of the teaching for a client

Correct Answer: Rebound congestion

Prolonged use of a topical decongestant beyond a few days leads to rebound congestion, in which nasal stuffiness worsens. The nurse should teach the client to limit topical use to the recommended short period in order to avoid this effect. Option a is incorrect because sedation is not the concern with topical decongestants, which tend to stimulate rather than sedate the client. Rebound congestion, not drowsiness, is the effect that results from using a topical nasal decongestant for too long. Option b is incorrect because a productive cough is unrelated to overuse of a nasal decongestant. The hallmark of extended topical decongestant use is worsening nasal congestion, so a cough is not the adverse effect that results from prolonged use here. Option c is incorrect because constipation is not associated with these topical agents. The problem caused by using a topical decongestant for longer than the recommended period is rebound nasal congestion, rather than any change in the client'

Correct Answer: Drowsiness

First-generation antihistamines cross the blood-brain barrier and commonly cause sedation in the client. The nurse should monitor for drowsiness and caution the client against activities that require full alertness while taking this type of antihistamine. Option a is incorrect. Although anticholinergic effects can occur, a fast heart rate is not the primary effect of diphenhydramine. Sedation is the hallmark adverse effect of a first-generation antihistamine, so drowsiness is the main effect to monitor for. Option c is incorrect because antihistamines dry secretions rather than increase them, which helps relieve a runny nose. Increased nasal secretions would be the opposite of this drug's effect, so it is not an adverse effect the nurse would monitor for. Option d is incorrect because first-generation antihistamines tend to cause constipation through their anticholinergic action, rather than diarrhea. Drowsiness, not diarrhea, is the key adverse effect the nurse should monitor for

Correct Answer: Bronchospasm

Acetylcysteine can trigger bronchospasm when inhaled, especially in clients who have airway disease. The nurse should monitor for wheezing and respiratory difficulty and be ready to stop the drug and notify the provider if bronchospasm occurs. Option a is incorrect because constipation is not an effect of inhaled acetylcysteine. The respiratory concern with this mucolytic is bronchospasm, which is the adverse effect the nurse must watch for closely during administration to a client with airway disease. Option b is incorrect because a slow heart rate is not characteristic of acetylcysteine; the drug may instead cause a faster heart rate. Bronchospasm, rather than a slow pulse, is the priority adverse effect the nurse should monitor for during inhalation. Option d is incorrect because increased blood glucose is not associated with acetylcysteine. Monitoring during inhalation should focus on respiratory effects such as bronchospasm, rather than on any change in the client's blood glu

Correct Answer: Dextromethorphan

Dextromethorphan is a non-opioid cough suppressant that acts on the central nervous system to raise the cough threshold. It is an appropriate antitussive choice for a client who has an opioid allergy and cannot take opioid medications. Option b is incorrect because codeine is an opioid antitussive and would be inappropriate for a client who has an opioid allergy. A non-opioid agent such as dextromethorphan is the suitable cough suppressant option for this client instead of codeine. Option c is incorrect because hydrocodone is also an opioid and carries the same concern as codeine for a client with an opioid allergy. It is not a non-opioid alternative, so it does not fit the antitussive prescription described for this client. Option d is incorrect because morphine is an opioid analgesic rather than a non-opioid antitussive, and giving it to someone allergic to opioids would be unsafe. Dextromethorphan, in contrast, suppresses cough without any opioid properties.

Correct Answer: Intramuscular

Promethazine can cause serious tissue injury, especially with intravenous use. The intramuscular route is preferred to lower this risk, and any intravenous use requires careful dilution and a large vein with slow administration to protect the client. Option a is incorrect because a rapid intravenous push raises the danger of severe tissue damage and extravasation injury for the client. This is the route most associated with harm from promethazine, so it is not the preferred route for administration. Option b is incorrect because the subcutaneous route is not recommended for promethazine and can cause significant tissue irritation. The intramuscular route, rather than the subcutaneous one, is the safer preferred choice for reducing the risk of tissue injury here. Option c is incorrect because the intradermal route is used for small-volume skin testing, not for administering promethazine. It is not an appropriate route for this medication, so it does not address the concern about reducin

Correct Answer: Dry mouth

Inhaled anticholinergics block muscarinic receptors, which reduces secretions and commonly causes dry mouth. The nurse should monitor for this local effect and suggest sips of water or sugar-free candy to help relieve the dryness for the client. Option a is incorrect because increased salivation reflects cholinergic activity, which is the opposite of an anticholinergic's effect. Ipratropium dries the mouth rather than increasing saliva, so increased salivation is not a local adverse effect the nurse would monitor for here. Option b is incorrect because a slow heart rate is a cholinergic effect, whereas anticholinergics tend to increase the heart rate instead. A slow pulse is not an expected local adverse effect of inhaled ipratropium, so it is not the finding to monitor. Option d is incorrect because watery eyes result from cholinergic stimulation, not from anticholinergic blockade. Ipratropium reduces secretions, so dry mouth rather than tearing is the local effect the nurse shou

Correct Answer: Relief of sneezing and runny nose

Loratadine blocks histamine at its receptors, which relieves sneezing, itching, and a runny nose in allergic rhinitis. These improvements are the expected therapeutic effects the nurse should observe in the client who is taking this antihistamine. Option b is incorrect because antihistamines do not relieve nasal congestion, which is instead addressed by decongestant medications. Expecting congestion relief from loratadine misjudges what this antihistamine actually treats, so congestion relief is not an expected therapeutic effect here. Option c is incorrect because loratadine does not cause increased coughing and is used to relieve allergy symptoms in the client. More coughing would not be an expected therapeutic effect of this second-generation antihistamine, so this finding is incorrect for the medication. Option d is incorrect because a rise in blood pressure is not a therapeutic effect of loratadine. The drug targets allergy symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose, rather than b