NR-222 Health and Wellness - Set 1 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Healthy People 2030 and its five goals

Healthy People 2030 launched in August 2020 and is the current edition, with five overarching goals and objectives carrying baselines and targets. It is produced by the Department of Health and Human Services for the United States. Option a is incorrect because that edition ended when the decade closed, and its four goals have been superseded. Course handouts still quote it, so recognizing the wording matters, but current work uses the newer set. Option b is incorrect because those targets are global and were adopted by United Nations member states. A county grant needs national baselines and targets it can be measured against, which the global framework does not supply. Option d is incorrect because that document defines health promotion and names action areas rather than numbered objectives. It offers no baseline, no target, and nothing a grant reviewer could use to judge progress.

Correct Answer: The maintenance stage

Maintenance covers a change sustained for six months or longer, with confidence rising and temptation falling. Describing the new pattern as simply how she lives now is the identity shift this stage produces. Option a is incorrect because action covers roughly the first six months after the behavior changes. A year of sustained eating puts her well past that window and past the period of highest relapse risk. Option b is incorrect because preparation is the planning phase that comes before anything changes. This client changed long ago, so placing her in preparation would move her backward through the sequence. Option c is incorrect because contemplation is marked by ambivalence and by a change that has not happened. She reports neither hesitation nor an unmade decision; she reports a settled habit.

Correct Answer: The intervention was mismatched to his stage

Interventions only work when they match the stage the person is actually in. Action-stage tools handed to someone in precontemplation are the single most common reason health teaching produces no change. Option b is incorrect because cost never enters this scenario. The client did not report a financial obstacle; he reported never having accepted that smoking was a problem worth acting on. Option c is incorrect because more risk information is unlikely to be the fix. Precontemplative clients often know the risks perfectly well, and a nurse who repeats them tends to produce defensiveness instead of movement. Option d is incorrect because a fatalistic belief about luck, fate, or powerful others is not what this client expresses. He rejects the premise that a problem exists, which is readiness rather than control expectancy.

Correct Answer: Expert, relying on an intuitive grasp

At the top of the model a nurse no longer works through analytic rules and instead zeroes in on the problem from a deep store of similar cases. Acting on a pattern that cannot yet be articulated is the signature. Option a is incorrect because someone governed by rules would have waited for a number to cross a threshold. The whole point of the scenario is that no rule had been triggered when the call went out. Option b is incorrect because a nurse in the first year usually needs someone else to name what matters most in a confusing picture. Here the nurse identified the threat unaided and escalated without prompting. Option d is incorrect because deliberate planning toward stated goals describes a nurse who reasons the situation through step by step. This nurse skipped the reasoning entirely and still landed on the right action.

Correct Answer: The role performance model

Role performance defines health as the ability to carry out expected social and work roles at the usual level. This nurse is measuring herself entirely by whether she completed her assigned duties. Option a is incorrect because adapting would mean changing something in response to the hernia, such as modifying lifting or reorganizing her assignment. She changed nothing; she simply pushed through unchanged. Option c is incorrect because the marker words for eudaimonistic health are flourishing, meaning, and reaching one's fullest potential. Getting through a shift with an untreated hernia is survival, not the actualization that model describes. Option d is incorrect because that model asks which need must be met first and ranks needs in order. No prioritizing appears here; the nurse simply equates finishing her work with being well.

Correct Answer: A cue to action prompting the decision

Cues to action are internal or external stimuli that trigger the decision to act. A friend's diagnosis is the classic external cue, converting long-standing awareness into a scheduled appointment. Option a is incorrect because benefits describe how effective she believes the mammogram would be at reducing her risk. Her belief about the test did not change; what changed was something outside her that prompted action. Option b is incorrect because self-efficacy answers whether she is confident she can carry the behavior out. Booking a mammogram was never beyond her ability, so capability was not the missing piece. Option c is incorrect because barriers are the costs and obstacles she anticipates, such as expense, discomfort, or time away from work. The stem names no obstacle, only an event that moved her.

Correct Answer: Competent, consciously planning and managing contingencies

The competent nurse has usually spent two to three years in one role, sets today's actions against long range goals, plans deliberately, and copes with contingencies. Organization and efficiency mark this stage. Option a is incorrect because that stage covers roughly the first year, when a nurse notices recurring pieces of a situation but stays task focused. Someone still there would need help sorting out which surprise to handle first. Option c is incorrect because the hallmark of that later stage is reading a situation whole and sensing when the expected picture fails to appear. Calm handling of surprises falls short of that early warning ability. Option d is incorrect because the top stage is marked by intuitive recognition that bypasses analytic rules altogether. This nurse is described as planning consciously, which is the opposite of how the model characterizes intuition.

Correct Answer: Ask what makes taking the medication hard

Threat perception is already high, so more fear will not move him. Perceived barriers predict behavior more strongly than any other Health Belief Model construct, and identifying the barrier is what changes the outcome. Option a is incorrect because raising perceived severity repeats a message this client has already accepted. He states that he is frightened, and adding to that fear in a blocked client usually produces avoidance. Option b is incorrect because family history is a non-modifiable factor he has already connected to his own risk. Restating it addresses susceptibility, a construct that is not the obstacle in this scenario. Option d is incorrect because rechecking a pressure gathers a number without moving the client any closer to taking his tablets. Measurement belongs later, once the reason for non-use has been uncovered and solved.

Correct Answer: Primary care, first contact and continuous

Primary care is the entry point for any new problem and maintains an ongoing relationship covering most of a person's health needs. First contact, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination are its four defining attributes. Option b is incorrect because specialist services are usually reached by referral and focus on one organ system or one episode. The clinician described here handles whatever walks through the door, across every age group. Option c is incorrect because complex technology intensive services live in intensive care units, transplant programs, and trauma centers. A community health center has neither the equipment nor the referral position for that work. Option d is incorrect because extended indefinite services support people who are functionally dependent or facing terminal illness. Routine visits for a mixed panel of clients do not fit that description at all.

Correct Answer: Test every exposed resident for tuberculosis infection

Contact tracing with testing finds infection that is already present but silent, so treatment can begin before active disease develops. Case finding in an exposed group is the priority action here. Option a is incorrect because teaching transmission is useful primary prevention for people who have not been exposed. It does nothing about the infections that may already be seeded in these residents. Option b is incorrect because better airflow protects whoever sleeps in that room next month. The men who shared the space with an infectious case need testing rather than an environmental fix. Option c is incorrect because nobody in this group has damaged lungs to rehabilitate. Restorative services answer a problem these residents do not yet have, so arranging them now would waste the window for detection.

Correct Answer: Relapse is an event, not a stage

The model has five core stages, with termination sometimes added as a sixth. Relapse is a recognized event of recycling that can occur from any stage, which is why change is described as a spiral. Option a is incorrect because maintenance remains a full stage and is where most successful people spend years. Nothing has displaced it, and treating relapse as its replacement removes the model's account of sustained change. Option c is incorrect because recycling is not restricted to people who reached action. Someone in preparation can slide back to contemplation, and the model was built to describe exactly that kind of backward movement. Option d is incorrect because the sequence opens at precontemplation, where the person has no intention of changing anything. Placing relapse first would imply everyone begins by losing ground they never held.

Correct Answer: Health perception and health management pattern

Health perception and health management covers how the person views their health and how they manage it, including preventive care, safety practices, and medication adherence. Both findings are health practices, not nutrition problems. Option a is incorrect because the nutritional pattern tracks intake, appetite, weight history, skin integrity, and dentition itself. Missing dental visits is about the practice of seeking care, even though the mouth is involved. Option b is incorrect because cognitive and perceptual data concern vision, hearing, pain, memory, and comprehension. Nothing in the stem describes a sensory deficit or difficulty understanding what the medication is for. Option d is incorrect because coping and stress tolerance asks how the client handles crises and what supports she uses. Skipping tablets could have many causes, and none is described as a stress response here.

Correct Answer: Primary for the first, tertiary for the second

No cardiovascular disease has occurred in the first client, so the statin prevents a first event. The second client has permanent myocardial damage, so the same drug limits progression of established disease. Option b is incorrect because cardiology writers use that label for preventing a repeat event in known disease. Nursing and public health follow Leavell and Clark instead, and this exam expects the framework taught in the course. Option c is incorrect because neither client is being screened for anything. Secondary prevention means uncovering hidden disease in someone without symptoms, and both of these are treatment decisions. Option d is incorrect because the reasoning runs backward. Nothing is established in the client with high cholesterol alone, while the man recovering from an infarction carries damage that will never reverse.

Correct Answer: Interpretation of the symptom and family health practices

Illness behavior includes how a person defines and interprets a symptom, and family practices strongly shape when care is sought. Reading chest pressure as indigestion plus a family that avoids clinicians together produced the delay. Option a is incorrect because those two constructs belong to the Health Belief Model and describe beliefs about a known threat. The client never identified a cardiac threat at all, so he never weighed treatment against it. Option b is incorrect because nothing in the stem points to age-related reasoning or to limited education. Both are real internal variables, but the details given concern meaning assigned to a symptom and learned family habit. Option c is incorrect because visibility applies to findings such as rashes or jaundice rather than to internal chest pressure, and no belief about faith, meaning, or a higher power appears anywhere in this account.

Correct Answer: The health care access and quality domain

Lack of insurance is a system barrier, and health care access and quality is where coverage, a usual source of care, and forgone visits are tracked. Unstable work contributes, but the immediate obstacle is coverage. Option a is incorrect because schooling, literacy, and reading proficiency are what that domain measures. Nothing suggests this man misunderstood his appointment; he understood it and could not pay for the visit. Option b is incorrect because it names the upstream driver rather than the immediate obstacle. Benefit-free part-time work does sit under economic stability, yet what stops him at the cardiologist's door is missing insurance. Option d is incorrect because air, housing quality, transit routes, and food outlets are the built environment items. No place-based hazard or missing bus line appears in this account of the skipped visit.

Correct Answer: Tertiary prevention, because the burn injury is established

The burn has already happened and left permanent tissue damage. Working to head off contractures and maximize remaining function limits disability from an established injury, which is what tertiary prevention means. Option a is incorrect because the framework classifies against the injury the client already carries, never against the complication being avoided. Following that logic would make nearly every rehabilitation activity look primary. Option b is incorrect because nobody screened this man for anything. His burns were obvious on arrival, and early detection of hidden disease has no part in what the nurse is doing months later. Option c is incorrect because it answers a different question. The adjective is right but the system is wrong, since the item asks about a level of prevention while this phrase names where a service is delivered.

Correct Answer: "The diabetes is established, so it is tertiary."

Classification follows the disease the client already has, not the complication being avoided. Diabetes is established, so teaching that heads off ulceration and amputation limits the damage of existing illness. Option a is incorrect because the framework never keys on the future complication. If it did, almost every nursing action would count as primary, and the diabetes sitting in front of the nurse would disappear from the reasoning. Option c is incorrect because screening looks for an unknown condition in a person who seems well. This client's diagnosis was made long ago, and daily foot checks monitor a known problem rather than uncovering a new one. Option d is incorrect because calling something a healthy habit does not settle its level. The routine exists only because neuropathy and poor circulation are already at work, and that existing pathology sets the classification.

Correct Answer: Pender's health promotion model

Pender's model is directed at increasing a person's level of well-being and is explicitly not fear based. Activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, and situational influences are the variables this program is built on. Option b is incorrect because that model runs on perceived threat, and this program deliberately avoids threat. Its designers chose enjoyment and support instead of susceptibility and severity as the engine of participation. Option c is incorrect because a clinical definition stops at whether signs and symptoms exist. A program aimed at raising well-being in people who are not sick has no place inside that narrow view. Option d is incorrect because stages of change describe how readiness moves over time and tell the nurse when to intervene. The stem describes what the program offers, not how ready any participant is.

Correct Answer: Measuring and recording each client's weight

Weighing a client is objective data collection with a standard technique and a clear expected outcome, so it fits the assistive role. Interpreting patterns and exploring beliefs require nursing judgment and a therapeutic relationship. Option a is incorrect because deciding how well someone processes a life crisis calls for interpretation of subjective data. Unlicensed staff may report what they hear, but analyzing it is the nurse's responsibility. Option c is incorrect because labeling a pattern dysfunctional is the step that generates a nursing diagnosis. Diagnosis sits inside the nursing process and cannot be transferred to someone without that scope of practice. Option d is incorrect because a conversation about meaning and purpose is delicate, and the answers shape the plan of care. Delegating it risks an incomplete assessment and a client who does not feel safe answering.

Correct Answer: Assess the client and check vital signs

After any error reaches a client, safety comes before paperwork and phone calls. The nurse assesses status and vital signs first, then notifies the provider, then completes the occurrence report. Option a is incorrect because that form is a quality improvement document filled out once the client is safe. Filing it first would put an administrative task ahead of the person who received the wrong drug. Option b is incorrect because a useful call requires findings to report. Phoning before laying eyes on the client leaves the nurse describing a dose without describing how the person is actually tolerating it. Option c is incorrect because charting records what was found and what was done, which means it follows the assessment rather than replacing it. The record should also never mention that an occurrence report exists.